You are way overthinking this. (I'm not sure how encouraging that is, but it's the truth.)
First, you used a condom, and even without full penis coverage, you are protected from HIV, gonorrhea, chlamydia, mycoplasma genitalium (MG or MGen), NGU, and trich. As long as the head of your penis is covered, you're protected from these.
You don't need to test for those.
Since you seem like anxiety is an issue, and you might test anyway, you can test for all but HIV at about 5 days. You can do a 4th generation DUO HIV test at 28 days and it will be accurate.
MG is a newer STD, and not all places will test for this. There is a new FDA test approved for it. You weren't at risk since you used a condom.
Using a condom reduces your risk for herpes, syphilis and HPV by about half.
It's estimated that 90% of us will get HPV at least once in our lifetimes. You can consider this an inevitability. You may not know you have it, since many strains do not give symptoms.
Syphilis is uncommon, but you can test for that at 6 weeks.
It is possible to have herpes without symptoms. We don't really know how many don't get symptoms. A study several years ago showed that 90% of those with hsv2 don't get symptoms, but we also now know that many with low positives on the IgG blood test may be false positives, so it's hard to say.
You're low risk with only 3 partners. You can do a type specific IgG blood test now, and if it's positive, it will indicate a pre-existing infection. It can take up to 4 months to show positive on a test, so if it's negative, you can test again at 4 months. Keep in mind that there are quite a few false positives for hsv2, so really consider if you want to take that chance being as low risk as you are.
The chances of you getting herpes from a one-time protected encounter are around 1 in 10,000.
Keep in mind that the number of partners doesn't always imply disease risk. Yes, it's true that the more partners one has, the higher the risk, generally speaking, but people who've had one partner can have an STD, and there are many sex workers who use protection regularly and haven't had one. My point is not to assume.
So too long, don't read? You're really at low risk here.