Hi,
Yes, frequent urination is caused by the pressure placed on the bladder by the enlarging uterus. This should settle in a couple of weeks once the uterus straightens and is no longer resting over the bladder.
The cramping pain if present in the flanks will point toward kidney stones. The pain can be colicky and may be present even separate from urination.
If you have had the initial ultrasound of the uterus done, it would have ruled out possibility of any abnormal implantation.
Even if there is no conclusive evidence regarding renal stones or infection, it is very important to keep her hydration levels up. She will need to intake at least 2000 ml of fluid per day. It would be good if most of this is milk, buttermilk, or citrus fruits. Even lemonade can help keep the urinary tract free of infection.
Another possibility is that she could be suffering from pelvic pain syndrome, but as long as the pain subsides and is tolerable, it would be unwise to resort to aggressive pain management tactics.
You can also start her on supplements containing DHA, such as fish liver oil capsules or algal oil supplements. These omega-3 fatty acids help in brain and neural development of the fetus while ensuring maternal serotonin levels stay high (she will feel happier and pain threshold will be higher). Other contents of fish liver oil, such as vitamin A, will improve mucosal integrity and increase resistance to infections.
Regards
She also has frequent urination, but this could easily be caused the by the pregnancy.
Pain has been localized to the vaginal area - no other pain associated with it, although she presents with cramps that may or may not be related to the issue as is not a constant. As I mentioned, she has had two urine tests for UTIs - both negative.
She has no discharge at all.
Thanks so much for your help.
Hi,
The action of hormones, such as progesterone, in pregnancy predispose to the development of UTIs and Renal calculi.
The location and character of the pain can give an idea about the cause.
Pain associated with UTI will be localized around the lower abdomen and is of a crampy character especially during urination.
This can be accompanied by increased frequency of urination, blood in urine, and/or fever and chills.
Pain due to a renal stone will be dull, localized to the lower back or to the flank, may radiate to the back of the thigh or the knee, and can also be associated with blood in urine.
Fungal infections are common in pregnancy but they usually present with itching and discharge.
Another possibility during pregnancy is the development of interstitial cystitis.
Do post a few more details regarding her symptoms.
Regards
I should add: there is no sign of a UTI (or STD) - she's had multiple tests. The OB/GYN is saying that it is caused by hormonal changes. Any help appreciated.