Diabetes can be diagnosed by an eye doctor through a thorough exam. It's my understanding that glucose levels have to have been running amok for some time in order for the eye doctor to be able to pick it up.
In order to go about this on the cheap, go to a big box discount store and by a blood glucose monitor and strips and test before and after eating and see where your levels are running. If they are consistently over 100, you might want to check in with your physician and get a proper diagnosis. if you are into the 200 or 300 levels, its time to have a serious talk with your physician and probably not a bad idea to consult with an endocrinologist.
I was recently diagnosed with type 2. I wear glasses and within the past two months, my glasses have been out of focus. I found I could see better without them. I saw eye dr. And was told that the higher the blood sugar, that leaks in the eye's lenses and acts like a contact inside the eye. My eyes are near 20/20 now but will return to "normal" once my blood sugar levels go down. Some trade off huh?
For diabetes to do damage that can show up in an eye exam blood sugar (BG) would have to have been way out of control for many, many years. It takes a long time for high BG to damage eyes. now blurred vision can happen on a quicker scale... months. When BG returns to normal so does the blurred vision.
Sorry but an MD and blood tests are the only way to tell