This happens to me, too, just another irrational stupid meaningless anxiety attack. If this is your first, go immediately to therapy without passing go so you don't become conditioned to it. The anxiety isn't real, it makes no sense, so don't get too hopped up over it.
This is a new one for me, so forgive me if I seem to fumble for some thoughts. One of the first things that came to my mind was to wonder if you'd recently had a "close call" of some sort while you were overtaking another vehicle? That could give rise to some anxiety about passing other cars in the future. A couple other thoughts I had concerned your glasses..........IF you even wear glasses. Perhaps it's time to have your prescription checked. If your vision needs have changed, your old glasses could be causing changes in your depth perception, which is not good, especially when passing another vehicle and might possibly cause some feelings of vertigo. (Please understand I'm just making wild guesses here!) I wondered if some medication you may be on is causing these feelings. Have you recently begun a new med?
I would highly recommend seeing your doctor about this sudden "affliction" and rule out any underlying physical reason for it. If you DO wear glasses while driving, perhaps a visit to your eye doc is in order. In the meantime, my best advice is to avoid putting yourself in this situation, even if that means going slower than you want to. You may get where you're going a little later, but you'll get there alive.
Let us know what you find out, OK?
Peace
Greenlydia