Remember, he's only had a safe, secure home for about four months. So from his view, he's just settled down, when a new member has entered the household. A cat who was just rescued from a traumatizing experience doesn't think ANY change is good, for the better or worse, once he/she has adapted to her new routine.
Normally there's some hostile hitting and spitting when a newcomer comes in. It's only natural; there has to be a challenged issued for who's number one and who's number two. This being a young kitten, it makes the issue easier. A kitten knows it's place, it's low person on the totem pole, and will take their lumps stoically and ride out the hostility (partly because an older cat is a potential parental figure...the kitten has high hopes it will assume this role).
But you've got a cat who's only four months into it's home, so it could be a bit of a touchy situation.
Remember, these are cat's not people. They tend to work on instinctive behavior and not be psychotic (but...they CAN be, it's just very rare. But I doubt yours is).
the best thing you can do is probably let them work it out in your presence. try not to interfere. this will hopefully allow patches to assert his claim and become psychologically sure of his place in the home. As long as the kitten sits in a fairly stoic manner, things are probably going well enough. If Patches starts to repeatedly strike the kitten, and it runs or makes any indications of pain...then break them apart.
This may sound harsh, but they're animals, you can't reason with them. It's going to happen eventually and the chances you can watch them 24/7 are highly unlikely The longer you put it off, the more frustrated Patches will be.
Let us know how it works out.
sounds to me like patches is just very territorial and male cats usually are that i've seen. or maybe even jealous. since he's still young i think he may grow out of it.