Protein won't necessarily be your friend. It depends on the protein. The reason athletes love it is because they work out a lot and turn the protein into muscle. They also tend to eat lean meat. Eating fatty meat will cause weight gain, but in the form of fat, but high protein diets in the short run will cause weight loss, though it's not healthy to eat too much protein. If you really just wanted to gain weight and didn't care if it was fat or not, you'd eat a lot of simple carbs like white bread and bagels and sugar, not protein.
Protein will be your friend. When athletes need to build muscle, we dig into the proteins. By adding more protein, you'll want to keep a close eye on your other food groups, too.
And when I said "we", I'm just thinking of the times back in high school when I was athletic. College has drowned me. ~_~
Keep eating healthy food, just add another meal. But I would combine this with weight lifting, as it will turn the extra weight into muscle instead of fat. Being lean, after all, is very healthy.