Below is a copy and paste from "HectorSF" from the C Forum. I thought it was informative and well written:
>>>By looking at the esophageal varices using endoscopy they can tell if they exist and the degree to which they are enlarged. If they are found, it is also helpful to put a patient on a beta blocker as a preventive measure to prevent future bleeding.
How varices are formed:
Normally, blood from your intestine, spleen and pancreas enters your liver through a large blood vessel called the portal vein. But if scar tissue blocks circulation through the liver, the blood backs up, leading to increased pressure within the portal vein (portal hypertension). This forces blood into smaller veins in your esophagus, stomach and occasionally your rectum. The excess blood causes these fragile, thin-walled veins to balloon outward and sometimes to rupture and bleed. Once varices develop, they continue to grow larger.<<<