If you think that you are at risk you can get vaccinated it is alway better to be safe than sorry.
You're right . This is a strange situation. You said an unknown dog bit your month and a half old kitten. Was this inside your house? I hope you don't let that young a kitten outside. You said today, you had the kitten vaccinated for rabies. How is the kitten doing ? What kind of dog was it in other words was it a little dog, medium size dog or large dog ? You ask if you have a risk for rabies infection. No, you don't. That is not how rabies is transmitted.
You can't get rabies from a pile of clothes. Do not let your kitten outside.
Is the kitten a male or a female kitten? I assume you brought the kitten to a vet to be vaccinated ? You should have a litter box for the kitten.
What part of the kitten's body did the dog bite ? Did the bite break the kitten's skin ? I am sure other people on the cat forum will give their opinions and suggestions too. Keep a close eye on your young kitten. Eve