There are many different theories about this, and individuals differ in their needs and responses. Carbs also differ a lot in their value; vegetables are quite valuable, as are most whole grains, but simple carbs have little to no value unless you're a marathon runner or something like that. Whereas an athlete who is trying to build muscle will require more protein, as will someone trying to lose weight or turn fat to muscle. There are many books advocating different ratios. There is a theory that blood type is involved, or ethnicity, or where you happen to live. It's not bad to read up on these theories, then make a diet for yourself that serves your particular needs and makes you feel good.
Here is a good little calculator that looks at your age and calorie intake and gives you a break down...
http://www.webcalcsolutions.com/Nutrition-Calculators/Calorie-Breakdown.asp?AcctNum=3
for example this is mine:
Fat 15% - 25%
Protein 15% - 25%
Total Carbohydrates 50% - 70%
But as a general rule
Carbs should be 45-65% of your diet
Protein 10-35%
Total fats a max of 35% - ideally around 20%